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Computer Architecture
How the machine really works: CPU execution, caches, buses and the quantitative instincts that make architecture answers credible.
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1. CPU & Instruction Execution
Fetch–decode–execute, ISAs, pipelines, branch prediction and speculation — what the processor is really doing.
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2. Memory Hierarchy & Caches
Latency numbers, cache mechanics, locality, coherence and false sharing — why memory layout beats Big-O surprisingly often.
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3. Buses, I/O & Peripherals
How the CPU talks to RAM and devices: buses and PCIe, interrupts, DMA, memory-mapped I/O and modern storage.
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4. Data Representation & Arithmetic
Two's complement, IEEE 754, endianness, Unicode and bit manipulation — the bugs that live below the type system.
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5. Performance & Parallelism
Amdahl's law, SIMD, SMT and cores, and the discipline of measuring — the quantitative toolkit for architecture decisions.